作為一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備，避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站被保(bao)(bao)(bao)護設(she)(she)備免(mian)遭(zao)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)波襲擊(ji)(ji)的設(she)(she)備。他的工作原理(li)是(shi)：當沿線路傳入(ru)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)波超(chao)過避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護水(shui)平時，避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)首(shou)先放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并將(jiang)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流經過良導體安全的引入(ru)大地，利用接(jie)地裝(zhuang)置使雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)幅(fu)值限制(zhi)在被保(bao)(bao)(bao)護設(she)(she)備雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)水(shui)平以下，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備受到保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)按(an)其發展的先后(hou)可分(fen)為：保(bao)(bao)(bao)護間(jian)隙——是(shi)最簡單(dan)形式的避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；管型(xing)避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)——也是(shi)一個保(bao)(bao)(bao)護間(jian)隙，但它能(neng)(neng)在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)自(zi)行滅弧；閥(fa)型(xing)避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)——是(shi)將(jiang)單(dan)個放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)隙分(fen)成許多短(duan)的串(chuan)聯間(jian)隙，同時增(zeng)加了(le)非線性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，提高了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護性(xing)能(neng)(neng)；磁(ci)吹(chui)避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)——利用了(le)磁(ci)吹(chui)式火花間(jian)隙，提高了(le)滅弧能(neng)(neng)力(li)，同時還具有限制(zhi)內部過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)能(neng)(neng)力(li)；氧(yang)化鋅避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)——利用了(le)氧(yang)化鋅閥(fa)片理(li)想的伏安特(te)性(xing)（非線性(xing)極(ji)高，即在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時呈(cheng)(cheng)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)特(te)性(xing)，限制(zhi)了(le)避(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，在正常工頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下呈(cheng)(cheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)特(te)性(xing)），具有無(wu)間(jian)隙、無(wu)續流殘壓(ya)(ya)低等優點，也能(neng)(neng)限制(zhi)內部過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，被廣(guang)泛使用。

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